Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography MCQ Question and Answer
Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography MCQ Question and Answer : Understanding the Earth’s structure is fundamental to the study of physical geography. The Earth’s layers—Crust, Mantle, and Core—each play a critical role in shaping the planet’s geological features and tectonic activities. This article explores 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) focused on Earth’s structure, providing detailed insights into the composition, properties, and behavior of these layers. Whether you’re a student or an enthusiast of geology, these questions will help deepen your knowledge of our planet’s interior and the forces that drive its dynamic changes.
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Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography MCQ Important Question and Answer
Top 50 Important MCQs on Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography:
- Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?
(A) Mantle
(B) Inner Core
(C) Outer Core
(D) Crust
Answer: (D) Crust
Solution: The crust is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth, averaging about 5–70 km in thickness. - What separates the Earth’s crust from the mantle?
(A) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(B) Lehmann Discontinuity
(C) Moho Discontinuity
(D) Asthenosphere
Answer: (C) Moho Discontinuity
Solution: The Moho (Mohorovičić Discontinuity) marks the boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle. - Which layer of the Earth is in a semi-liquid state?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Outer Core
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (C) Outer Core
Solution: The outer core is composed of liquid iron and nickel and is responsible for generating Earth’s magnetic field. - The Earth’s mantle is mainly composed of:
(A) Iron and nickel
(B) Granite and basalt
(C) Silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron
(D) Carbonates
Answer: (C) Silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron
Solution: The mantle is primarily made of peridotite, a silicate rock rich in magnesium and iron. - Which part of the Earth is responsible for generating the magnetic field?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Inner Core
(D) Outer Core
Answer: (D) Outer Core
Solution: Convection currents in the liquid outer core generate the Earth’s magnetic field through the geodynamo process. - What is the average thickness of the continental crust?
(A) 5 km
(B) 15 km
(C) 35 km
(D) 70 km
Answer: (C) 35 km
Solution: The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic crust, averaging around 35 km in thickness. - Which of the following layers is the hottest?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Outer Core
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (D) Inner Core
Solution: The inner core has the highest temperature, reaching up to 6000°C, due to extreme pressure. - Which seismic waves cannot travel through the outer core?
(A) P-waves
(B) S-waves
(C) Surface waves
(D) L-waves
Answer: (B) S-waves
Solution: S-waves (shear waves) cannot travel through liquids and are therefore blocked by the liquid outer core. - The lithosphere includes:
(A) Only the crust
(B) Crust and uppermost mantle
(C) Crust and outer core
(D) Mantle and core
Answer: (B) Crust and uppermost mantle
Solution: The lithosphere is a rigid layer comprising the Earth’s crust and the uppermost solid part of the mantle. - Which discontinuity separates the outer core from the inner core?
(A) Moho
(B) Lehmann
(C) Gutenberg
(D) Conrad
Answer: (B) Lehmann
Solution: The Lehmann Discontinuity separates the liquid outer core from the solid inner core. - What is the main component of the Earth’s core?
(A) Silicon and aluminum
(B) Iron and nickel
(C) Oxygen and silicon
(D) Carbon and hydrogen
Answer: (B) Iron and nickel
Solution: The Earth’s core is mainly composed of dense metals, primarily iron and nickel. - Which layer of the Earth is solid despite extreme temperatures?
(A) Outer Core
(B) Mantle
(C) Inner Core
(D) Crust
Answer: (C) Inner Core
Solution: The inner core is solid due to immense pressure, even though its temperature is extremely high. - Oceanic crust is primarily made up of:
(A) Granite
(B) Basalt
(C) Marble
(D) Sandstone
Answer: (B) Basalt
Solution: Oceanic crust consists mostly of basalt, a dense, dark volcanic rock. - The average thickness of the oceanic crust is:
(A) 5 km
(B) 25 km
(C) 35 km
(D) 70 km
Answer: (A) 5 km
Solution: The oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust, averaging around 5 to 10 km. - Which element is most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
(A) Aluminum
(B) Silicon
(C) Oxygen
(D) Iron
Answer: (C) Oxygen
Solution: Oxygen makes up about 46% of the Earth’s crust by weight, mostly in the form of oxides. - The mantle extends to a depth of approximately:
(A) 10 km
(B) 100 km
(C) 2,900 km
(D) 6,371 km
Answer: (C) 2,900 km
Solution: The mantle lies between the crust and core and extends to a depth of about 2,900 km. - Which boundary lies between the mantle and the outer core?
(A) Moho Discontinuity
(B) Lehmann Discontinuity
(C) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(D) Asthenosphere
Answer: (C) Gutenberg Discontinuity
Solution: The Gutenberg Discontinuity marks the boundary between the lower mantle and the liquid outer core. - Which layer lies just below the lithosphere?
(A) Mesosphere
(B) Inner Core
(C) Asthenosphere
(D) Outer Core
Answer: (C) Asthenosphere
Solution: The asthenosphere is a semi-fluid layer just beneath the lithosphere that allows tectonic plates to move. - What type of rock is most commonly found in the continental crust?
(A) Basalt
(B) Peridotite
(C) Granite
(D) Sandstone
Answer: (C) Granite
Solution: The continental crust is primarily composed of granite, which is lighter than basalt. - The Earth’s radius is approximately:
(A) 3,000 km
(B) 5,000 km
(C) 6,371 km
(D) 8,000 km
Answer: (C) 6,371 km
Solution: The average radius of the Earth from the surface to the center is about 6,371 kilometers. - Which layer is directly involved in plate tectonic activity?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Lithosphere
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (C) Lithosphere
Solution: The lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle, forming the tectonic plates that move over the asthenosphere. - Which property increases with depth inside the Earth?
(A) Temperature
(B) Pressure
(C) Density
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Solution: As depth increases, so do temperature, pressure, and density due to overlying layers and geothermal energy. - Which layer is partially molten and allows tectonic plates to move?
(A) Lithosphere
(B) Asthenosphere
(C) Crust
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (B) Asthenosphere
Solution: The asthenosphere is semi-molten and lies beneath the lithosphere, enabling plate movement. - The study of seismic waves helps scientists to understand:
(A) Earth’s atmosphere
(B) Ocean currents
(C) Internal structure of the Earth
(D) Cloud formation
Answer: (C) Internal structure of the Earth
Solution: Seismic waves change speed and direction depending on the material, helping to infer Earth’s internal composition. - Which type of seismic wave travels fastest?
(A) S-waves
(B) P-waves
(C) Surface waves
(D) Love waves
Answer: (B) P-waves
Solution: P-waves (primary waves) are the fastest seismic waves and are the first to be recorded by seismographs. - The boundary where S-waves disappear indicates the start of:
(A) The crust
(B) The mantle
(C) The outer core
(D) The inner core
Answer: (C) The outer core
Solution: S-waves can’t travel through liquids, so their disappearance indicates the start of the liquid outer core. - Which Earth layer behaves plastically and flows slowly?
(A) Crust
(B) Inner Core
(C) Lithosphere
(D) Mantle
Answer: (D) Mantle
Solution: The mantle, especially its asthenosphere portion, behaves like a slow-flowing plastic under heat and pressure. - Which of the following is not a compositional layer of Earth?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Core
(D) Lithosphere
Answer: (D) Lithosphere
Solution: The lithosphere is a mechanical layer. The compositional layers are crust, mantle, and core. - Which process is responsible for the movement of material in the mantle?
(A) Radiation
(B) Convection
(C) Conduction
(D) Expansion
Answer: (B) Convection
Solution: Heat causes convection currents in the mantle, which move the semi-molten rock and drive tectonic plates. - The upper mantle is also known as:
(A) Lithosphere
(B) Asthenosphere
(C) Moho
(D) Mesosphere
Answer: (B) Asthenosphere
Solution: The upper part of the mantle, just below the lithosphere, is the asthenosphere, which is ductile and allows plate movement. - The boundary between the Earth’s mantle and the core is known as the:
(A) Moho Discontinuity
(B) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(C) Lehmann Discontinuity
(D) Asthenosphere
Answer: (B) Gutenberg Discontinuity
Solution: The Gutenberg Discontinuity separates the mantle from the outer core. - The Earth’s mantle is primarily composed of which mineral group?
(A) Feldspar
(B) Silicates
(C) Carbonates
(D) Oxides
Answer: (B) Silicates
Solution: The mantle is mostly composed of silicate minerals, which are rich in magnesium and iron. - Which of the following is true about the outer core?
(A) It is solid and composed mainly of iron
(B) It is liquid and composed mainly of iron and nickel
(C) It is a mixture of iron and oxygen
(D) It is a solid, low-density layer
Answer: (B) It is liquid and composed mainly of iron and nickel
Solution: The outer core is liquid and made primarily of iron and nickel, contributing to Earth’s magnetic field. - What is the primary cause of Earth’s internal heat?
(A) Radioactive decay
(B) Solar radiation
(C) Plate tectonics
(D) Chemical reactions
Answer: (A) Radioactive decay
Solution: Radioactive decay of elements like uranium, thorium, and potassium within the Earth’s mantle and core generates heat. - What type of seismic waves can travel through both liquids and solids?
(A) P-waves
(B) S-waves
(C) Surface waves
(D) Love waves
Answer: (A) P-waves
Solution: P-waves can travel through both solids and liquids, unlike S-waves, which only travel through solids. - The Earth’s core is primarily made of which two metals?
(A) Aluminum and silicon
(B) Iron and magnesium
(C) Iron and nickel
(D) Copper and zinc
Answer: (C) Iron and nickel
Solution: The Earth’s core is composed mainly of iron and nickel, with iron being the dominant element. - Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Lithosphere
(D) Outer Core
Answer: (C) Lithosphere
Solution: The lithosphere, which consists of the Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle, is broken into tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere. - The transition zone between the upper and lower mantle is characterized by:
(A) A sudden drop in temperature
(B) A sharp increase in pressure
(C) A gradual increase in temperature
(D) A sharp increase in temperature
Answer: (B) A sharp increase in pressure
Solution: The transition zone between the upper and lower mantle is marked by a rapid increase in pressure due to deeper depth. - The Earth’s inner core is solid because:
(A) It is composed of lighter elements
(B) The temperature is too low for it to be liquid
(C) The pressure is so high that it remains solid
(D) It is mostly composed of silicon
Answer: (C) The pressure is so high that it remains solid
Solution: Despite the extremely high temperature, the pressure in the inner core is so intense that it remains solid. - Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Earth’s mantle?
(A) It is composed mainly of silicate minerals
(B) It is made up of solid rock
(C) It is entirely solid and immovable
(D) It contains both solid and partially molten regions
Answer: (C) It is entirely solid and immovable
Solution: The mantle consists of solid rock, but parts of it are partially molten and able to move slowly, driving convection currents. - The Earth’s crust is mostly made of which two types of rocks?
(A) Granite and basalt
(B) Limestone and sandstone
(C) Schist and gneiss
(D) Peridotite and basalt
Answer: (A) Granite and basalt
Solution: The Earth’s crust is mainly composed of granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust). - Which of the following is true about the Earth’s lithosphere?
(A) It is composed of only the crust
(B) It is solid and floats on the mantle
(C) It is a mixture of molten and solid rock
(D) It is located between the mantle and the outer core
Answer: (B) It is solid and floats on the mantle
Solution: The lithosphere is solid and floats on the semi-fluid asthenosphere, enabling tectonic plate movement. - Which layer of the Earth is responsible for volcanic eruptions?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Outer Core
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (A) Crust
Solution: Volcanic eruptions occur at the Earth’s crust, where magma from the mantle rises to the surface. - Which of the following is the thickest layer of the Earth?
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Outer Core
(D) Inner Core
Answer: (B) Mantle
Solution: The mantle is the thickest layer, extending about 2,900 km beneath the Earth’s surface. - The Earth’s outer core is liquid because of:
(A) Low temperature
(B) High pressure
(C) High temperature
(D) Low pressure
Answer: (C) High temperature
Solution: The high temperature of the outer core causes it to be in a liquid state despite the high pressure. - Which boundary separates the crust from the mantle?
(A) Moho Discontinuity
(B) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(C) Lehmann Discontinuity
(D) Asthenosphere
Answer: (A) Moho Discontinuity
Solution: The Moho (Mohorovičić Discontinuity) marks the boundary between the Earth’s crust and the mantle. - Which part of the mantle is partially molten and allows tectonic plates to move?
(A) Lithosphere
(B) Asthenosphere
(C) Mesosphere
(D) Outer Core
Answer: (B) Asthenosphere
Solution: The asthenosphere is a semi-fluid layer that allows tectonic plates to move. - The Earth’s crust is thinner beneath the:
(A) Continents
(B) Oceans
(C) Mountains
(D) Deserts
Answer: (B) Oceans
Solution: The oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust, averaging about 5–10 km in thickness. - Which process occurs in the Earth’s mantle and drives the movement of tectonic plates?
(A) Conduction
(B) Convection
(C) Radiation
(D) Compression
Answer: (B) Convection
Solution: Convection currents in the mantle, driven by heat, move the Earth’s tectonic plates. - The Earth’s core is primarily made up of which two elements?
(A) Iron and oxygen
(B) Nickel and magnesium
(C) Iron and nickel
(D) Silicon and aluminum
Answer: (C) Iron and nickel
Solution: The Earth’s core is composed mainly of iron and nickel, with iron being the dominant element.
Geography MCQ Related Topics:
- Layers of the Atmosphere MCQ Click Here
- Plate Tectonics MCQ Click Here
- Seismic Waves MCQ Click Here
- Geography MCQ Question and Answer Click Here
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Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography MCQ Question and Answer
Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography MCQ Question and Answer: Explore 50 MCQs on Earth’s structure—Crust, Mantle & Core—covering key concepts in physical geography. Enhance your knowledge of Earth’s layers, composition, and tectonic processes. Perfect for students and geography enthusiasts!
Earth’s Structure – Crust, Mantle & Core | Physical Geography Quiz
Understanding the Earth’s internal structure is a foundational concept in Geography. In this set, we present 50 important Quiz or multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the Crust, Mantle, and Core — perfect for students, competitive exam aspirants, and geography enthusiasts.
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